Section 10
مبتکر دوره: علیرضا رجبی - کارشناس ارشد حقوق تجاری اقتصادی بین الملل از دانشگاه تهران و کارشناس ارشد آموزش زبان انگلیسی از واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران می باشد.
این شیوه از بیان مطالب در یادگیری زبان تخصصی، از راحت ترین روشهای یادگیری میباشد که تاکنون در ایران ارائه شده است که البته حاصل سالها مطالعه و تجربه عملی در تجارت بین الملل می باشد.
متون انتخاب شده در این دوره از منابع معتبر بوده و دارای اصالت است.
در صورت مداومت در مطالعه متون و تماشای دقیق فیلم های ارائه شده بصورت ادامه دار، زبان آموز به راحتی می تواند در فعالیت های عملی تجارت بین الملل، آزمون های حقوقی و نیز نگارش قرارداد ها به زبان انگلیسی از آمادگی بسیار بالایی برخوردار گردد.
حقوق مادی و معنوی این اثر متعلق به پدید آورنده آن می باشد و درصورت در اختیار قراردادن این مطالب برای استفاده دیگران نه تنها پدیدآورنده رضایت قلبی ندارد بلکه حق پیگرد قانونی توسط وی محفوظ است.
Section 10
terms of payment
When negotiating with the buyer, the seller needs to determine the detailed terms of payment to be included in the sales contract. This can be a complicated terms of payment. When entering into negotiations it is essential to know what details the terms of payment must contain and what minimum requirements the seller must adhere to in order to maintain the expected level of security. These minimum requirements are:
● when payment should take place (time of payment);
● where payment should take place (place of payment);
● how payment should take place (method of payment).
In the case of several payments, each part has to be treated as a single terms of payment – this also applies to guarantees issued under the contract.
‘Terms of payment’ defines the detailed obligations of both commercial parties in relation to the payment, not only the form of payment and when and where this payment shall be made by the buyer, but also the obligations of the seller: to deliver according to the contract and, for example, to arrange stipulated guarantees or other undertakings prior to or after delivery.
the structure of the terms of payment
|
A: Payment before delivery |
||
|
Terms of payment |
Comments |
|
|
1. Without advance payment guarantee. |
Gives the highest security for the seller. |
|
|
2. Against contractual advance payment guarantee. |
Based on due fulfilment of the contract. |
|
|
3. Against an ‘on demand’ advance payment guarantee. |
Gives less security for the seller. |
|
|
B: Payment at delivery |
||
|
1. Letter of credit, documents against payment. |
High security – dependent on the strength of the issuing bank. |
|
|
2. Documentary collection, documents against payment. |
Dependent on the buyer honouring the documents – and which documents are included. |
|
|
C: Payment after delivery |
||
|
1. Letter of credit, documents against acceptance |
Same security as B but with later payment. |
|
|
2. Payment secured by payment guarantee. |
The security is dependent on the issuing bank and the wording of the guarantee. |
|
|
3. Documentary collection, documents against acceptance. |
As B, but after the release of documents the risk is solely on the buyer until payment. |
|
|
4. Bank transfer. |
Risk on the buyer until payment. |
|
Bank charges and other costs
The costs of the different alternatives are mainly governed by what function the banks will have in connection with the execution of payment. Other forms of fees, which can have an indirect connection to the payment, do sometimes arise, such as different charges related to the creation of the underlying documents, for example consular fees and stamp duties. However, such fees are related more to the delivery than to the payment and are normally borne by the party that has to produce these documents according to the terms of delivery.
Bank charges are often divided into the following groups:
● standard fees for specified services – normally charged at a flat rate;
● payment charges – normally charged at a flat fee or in some cases as a percentage of the amount paid;
● handling charges, ie for checking of documents – normally charged as a percentage on the underlying value of the transaction;
● risk commissions, ie the issuing of guarantees and confirmation of letters of credit – normally charged as a percentage of the amount at a rate according to the estimated risk and the period of time.
پس از پرداخت محصول در درگاه بانکی شما به لینک دانلود محصول برای شما قابل رویت می باشد و شما می توانید اقدام به دانلود کنید.
لازم به ذکر است لینک دانلود به پست الکترونیکی شما نیز ارسال می شود.
